Ageing free radicals and cellular stress
Experimental evidence suggests that the ageing organism is in a state of oxidative stress, which supports the free radical theory. A number of other theories have been proposed ; some of these are actually compatible with the free radical theory. The ROS and mitochondrial theories of ageing appear to be compatible.
Superoxide Dismutase 1 Loss Disturbs Intracellular Redox Signaling, Resulting in Global Age-Related Pathological Changes
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/140165/
Aging is characterized by increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and organ dysfunction, which occur in a progressive and irreversible manner. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) serves as a major antioxidant and neutralizes superoxide radicals throughout the body. In vivo studies have demonstrated that copper/zinc superoxide dismutase-deficient (Sod1-/- ) mice show various aging-like pathologies, accompanied by augmentation of oxidative damage in organs. We found that antioxidant treatment significantly attenuated the age-related tissue changes and oxidative damage-associated p53 upregulation in Sod1-/- mice. This review will focus on various age-related pathologies caused by the loss of Sod1 and will discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis in Sod1-/- mice
Nutrient Interrelationships Minerals — Vitamins — Endocrines
http://www.traceelements.com/Docs/Nutrient%20Interrelationships-Minerals-Vitamins-Endocrines.pdf
Nutritional therapeutics has largely been directed toward the recognition and correction of nutritional deficiencies. It is now becoming evident that a loss of homeostatic equilibrium between the nutrients can also have an adverse effect upon health. A loss of this vital balance, particularly between the trace elements, can lead to subclinical deficiencies. Nutrient interrelationships are complex, especially among the trace elements. A mineral cannot be effected without affecting at least two other minerals, each of which will then affect two others.
Chronic Inflammation - Inflammaging and Its Potential Contribution to Age-Associated Diseases
Human aging is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation, and this phenomenon has been termed as “inflammaging.” Inflammaging is a highly significant risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the elderly people, as most if not all age-related diseases share an inflammatory pathogenesis
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) quenches free radicals and attenuates age-related cognitive decline
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15974918
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) quenches free radicals and attenuates age-related cognitive decline: opportunities for novel drug development in aging. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most effective mechanisms in physiology for inactivating reactive oxygen species. Elevated SOD activity can be therapeutically useful by protecting against oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity
Oxidative stress and aging--the use of superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics to extend lifespan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14641049
The protective effects of these compounds are apparent with treatment during either development or adulthood. These findings have demonstrated that pharmacological intervention in the aging process is possible and that these compounds can provide important information about the underlying mechanisms
Serum copper to zinc ratio: Relationship with aging and health status
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637415000068
The immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties of Zn and Cu have been extensively studied. Both trace elements are claimed to provide protection against infectious diseases in vivo, and to regulate innate immune response. Systemic signals promoting cellular proliferation and growth seem to be able to increase levels of plasma Zn in order to sustain the cellular requirement of this trace element whereas, other signals promoting “maintenance and repair” seem to induce a decrease of plasma Zn and an increase of Cu levels as a part of a complex mechanisms built to improve intracellular and extracellular antioxidant defense.
Relationship of serum superoxide dismutase activity and lifestyle in healthy Japanese adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553079
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that acts to degrade superoxide, a major causative factor for oxidative stress associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and various other ailments. Here, to assess an association between antioxidants and lifestyle factors related to cancer risk, we analyzed serum SOD activity among the subjects within a large-scale cohort study in Japan.
A single center, pilot, double-blinded, randomized, comparative, prospective clinical study to evaluate improvements in the structure and function of facial skin with tazarotene 0.1% cream alone and in combination with GliSODin® Skin Nutrients Advanced Anti-Aging Formula
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4026586/
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduces the reactive oxygen species formation associated with oxidative stress. An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants can lead to accelerated aging. The study suggests GAAF in combination with TAZ is safe and provides significant clinical benefit with a relative improvement in facial fine wrinkling, overall photodamage, skin moisture and elasticity.
Role of antioxidants in the skin: anti-aging effects
http://www.jdsjournal.com/article/S0923-1811(10)00078-2/fulltext
Intracellular and extracellular oxidative stress initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) advance skin aging, which is characterized by wrinkles and atypical pigmentation. Because UV enhances ROS generation in cells, skin aging is usually discussed in relation to UV exposure. The use of antioxidants is an effective approach to prevent symptoms related to photo-induced aging of the skin. In this review, the mechanisms of ROS generation and ROS elimination in the body are summarized. The effects of ROS generated in the skin and the roles of ROS in altering the skin are also discussed. In addition, the effects of representative antioxidants on the skin are summarized with a focus on skin aging.
Superoxide dismutase, aging, and degenerative disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7982630
The research summarized collectively suggests that SOD plays an important role in longevity and degenerative disease, but much remains to be learned before manipulation of SOD expression can be considered for effective intervention in either process. However, increasing both CuZn-SOD and catalase does significantly increase the maximum life span.
Application of a topical biomimetic electrical signaling technology to photo-aging: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a galvanic zinc-copper complex.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206074
CONCLUSION: This galvanic zinc-copper complex provided rapid and lasting improvements versus placebo in photo-aged skin, supporting its use in topical anti-aging formulations.
Factors that Affect the Content of Cadmium, Nickel, Copper and Zinc in Tissues of the Knee Joint
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506214/
Osteoarthritis causes the degradation of the articular cartilage and periarticular bones. Trace elements influence the growth, development and condition of the bone tissue. Changes to the mineral composition of the bone tissue can cause degenerative changes and fractures. The aim of the research was to determine the content of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the tibia, the femur and the meniscus in men and women who underwent knee replacement surgery.
There were statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium, copper and zinc between the examined tissues, i.e. the tibia, the femur and the meniscus. Among the elements tested, copper and nickel showed a high content in the connective tissue (the meniscus) compared to the bone tissue (the tibia and the femur).